Sample Citations in Turabian Format
For additional information and examples refer to: A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 6th ed. (LB 2369 T8 1996 Reference Desk) by Kate Turabian, revised by John Grossman and Alice Bennett.
The latest edition of Turabian (1996) presents a system of parenthetical references and reference lists which combines the author-date approach of APA style with the author-page number method of MLA style. See Chapter 10, pp. 175-84 of the Turabian manual for information about this. However, the heart of the Turabian manual remains its traditional note-bibliography system. References within the text of the paper are marked with an Arabic numeral typed slightly above the line (superscript). These numbers are keyed to notes, either footnotes (at the bottom of each page) or endnotes (at the end of the paper) which give complete bibliographic information about the source, as well as an indication of the page or pages cited. The first line of a note is indented a half inch (approximately five spaces) from the margin. All notes are double-spaced. A bibliography, usually an alphabetized list of all sources cited in the paper, is placed at the end of the text. The first line of each entry should be flush with the left margin, and subsequent lines should be indented a half inch (approximately five spaces).
Sample Citations
In the following descriptions and examples, Note = footnote or endnote entry, and Bibl = bibliography entry.
For a Book
Note Pattern: Note number in superscript Author, Title (Place of publication: Publisher, Date), Page cited.
Example: 1James M. McPherson, For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 68.
Bibl Pattern: Author, last name first. Title. Place of publication: Publisher, Date.
Example: McPherson, James M. For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
For a Chapter or Essay in an Edited Collection:
Note Pattern: Note number in superscript Author, "Title of Chapter," in Title of Book, ed. Name of editor(s) (Place of publication: Publisher, Date), Page cited.
Example: 2W. David Shaw, "Poet of Mystery: The Art of Christina Rossetti," in The Achievement of Christina Rossetti, ed. David A. Kent (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987), 39.
Bibl Pattern: Author, last name first. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book, ed. Name of editor(s), pages. Place of publication: Publisher, Date.
Example: Shaw, W. David. "Poet of Mystery: The Art of Christina Rossetti." In The Achievement of Christina Rossetti, ed. David A. Kent, 23-56. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987.
For a Journal Article:
Note Pattern: Note number in superscript Author, "Title of Article," Title of Journal, Volume number (Date): Page cited.
Example: 6Gerald J. Baldasty, "The Economics of Working-Class Journalism," Journalism History 25 (Spring 1999): 8.
Bibl Pattern: Author, last name first. "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume number (Date): Pages.
Example: Baldasty, Gerald J. "The Economics of Working-Class Journalism." Journalism History 25 (Spring 1999): 3-10.
For a Journal Article from a Database:
Turabian covers only two examples of electronic documents, both technical reports. The folowing examples are based on the USM page linked below.
Note Pattern: Note number in superscript Author,"Title of Article," Title of Journal, Volume number (Date of publication, date accessed): Page cited. [journal on-line]; available from Service Provider, Database name. <URL, if it can be determined>.
Example: 25John E. Wills, Jr., "Maritime Asia, 1500-1800: The Interactive Emergence of European Domination," American Historical Review, 98 (1993, accessed 30 August 2002): 90. [journal on-line]; available from EBSCOhost, Academic Search Elite.
Bibl Pattern: Author, last name first. "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume number (Date of publication, date accessed): Pages. Journal on-line. Available from Service Provider, Database name. <URL, if it can be determined>.
Example: Wills, John E. , Jr. "Maritime Asia, 1500-1800: The Interactive Emergence of European Domination." American Historical Review 98 (1993, accessed 30 August 2002): 83-105. Journal on-line. Available from EBSCOhost, Academic Search Elite.
For a Website:
Leave out any information which cannot be determined.
Note Pattern: Note number in superscript Author, Title of Website [resource on-line] (Place of publication: Publisher, date of publication, accessed date); available from URL; Internet.
Example: 19Paul Halsall, Internet East Asian History Sourcebook [resource on-line] (New York: 25 February 2001, accessed 30 August 2002); available from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/eastasia/eastasiasbook.html; Internet.
Bibl Pattern: Author, last name first. Title of Website. Place of publication: Publisher, date of publication, accessed date. Resource on-line. Available from URL; Internet.
Example: Halsall, Paul. Internet East Asian History Sourcebook. New York: 25 February 2001, accessed 30 August 2002. Resource on-line. Available from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/eastasia/eastasiasbook.html; Internet.
Additional Examples
Additional examples of Turabian style citations can be found at the University of Southern Mississippi Libraries' Turabian Style Guide <http://www.lib.usm.edu/~instruct/guides/turabian.html>.
Examples of government publication citations are available at the University of Memphis Libraries' Uncle Sam - Brief Guide to Citing Government Publications <http://exlibris.memphis.edu/govpubs/citeweb.htm>.
These examples are not endorsed by the University of Chicago. They are our
BEST GUESSES based on the guidelines provided by Turabian's Manual.
Created by Kathy Coleman, Librarian Emerita.
Revisions and additional examples by Anne Turhollow.
